Objectives To determine the level of awareness of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and to assess attitudes towards receiving the vaccine among men and women in Bahrain. Design A cross-sectional study. An interview-based questionnaire was used to measure HPV knowledge and attitude towards HPV vaccine. Setting Ten randomly selected primary health centres (PHCs) in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Participants 408 PHC attendees, including 268 women and 140 men aged 18-65 years. Only residents from Bahrain and English or Arabic speakers were invited to participate. Primary and secondary outcome measures Extent of awareness of HPV infection, acceptance of HPV vaccine and describing the results in association to gender, educational level and other demographics. Results A response rate of 91.4% was achieved, with a majority being female responders as opposed to male responders (65.7% vs 34.3%, respectively). Only 13.5% of the participants had heard of HPV, with female gender and employment in the health sector (p<0.001 for both) having a significant association with awareness of HPV. The majority of the participants (76%) were willing to take the vaccine if recommended, with 84.8% believing that both genders should be vaccinated. However, 48.5% were concerned about possible side effects from the vaccine and 83.6% wanted reassurance that the vaccine will protect against HPV. More than 90% of the participants agreed on the need for educating the community about the HPV infection. Conclusion Despite the limited knowledge about HPV infection among the study's participants, there is a favourable attitude towards the HPV vaccine. These data can support the initiation of a nationwide HPV immunisation programme. © © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

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