Development of a highly sensitive electrochemical sensing platform for the trace level detection of lead ions

Authors: Shah A., Zahid A., Khan A., Iftikhar F.J., Nisar J., Fernandez C., Akhter M.S., Almutawah A.A., Kraatz H.-B.

Author Affiliations: Shah, A., Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir, 32038, Bahrain, Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan, Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, M1C 1A4, Canada; Zahid, A., Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan; Khan, A., Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, London, RM7 0AG, United Kingdom; Iftikhar, F.J., Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan, NUTECH School of Applied Sciences and Humanities, National University of Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan; Nisar, J., National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan; Fernandez, C., Department of Chemistry, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, United Kingdom; Akhter, M.S., Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir, 32038, Bahrain; Almutawah, A.A., Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir, 32038, Bahrain; Kraatz, H.-B., Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, M1C 1A4, Canada

Publication Date: 2019

Herein we report for the first time a highly sensitive electrochemical platform for the trace level detection of Pb (ӏӏ) using glassy carbon electrode modified with 1-dodecanoyl-3-phenylthiourea (DPT). The performance of the designed sensor was tested by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, chronocoulometry, cyclic voltammetry and Square Wave Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (SWASV). The DPT was found to play an efficient role in enhancing the sensing response of the electrode for the detection of lead ions in aqueous samples. A number of experimental conditions such as deposition potential, accumulation time, surfactant concentration, pH, number of scans and supporting electrolytes were examined to optimize conditions for getting intense signal of the target analyte. Linear calibration curve was obtained using SWAS voltammetric data obtained under optimized conditions. The limit of detection with a value of 0.695 μg/L suggests that the designed sensor can sense lead ions even below the permissible concentration level (10 μg/L) recommended by the World Health Organization and Environmental Protection Agency of USA. The designed sensor demonstrated sensitivity, selectivity and stability for the targeted analyte. Percentage recoveries from real water samples with standard deviations of less than 2% suggested precision of the proposed method. Moreover, computational findings supported the experimental outcomes. © The Author(s) 2019.

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Eshan2020-11-28T18:20:18+00:00

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