Nanosensors have improved very quickly in the last decades and their roles have greatly expanded within the pharmaceutical and biomedical fields, in which measurement science and technology are of key importance. The enhanced chemical and physical properties arising from discrete nanoelectrode devices or the modification of the electrode surface with nanomaterials make these devices an attractive option for the improvement of current analytical applications in the pharmaceutical area because of their excellent sensitivity. Chemical nanosensors can be designed using carbon-based (fullerene carbon nanotubes, graphene, nanodiamond, etc.), polymer-based, or metal-based (gold, silver, platinum nanoparticles, etc.) nanomaterials. Chemical nanosensors are generally used to detect various chemicals in monitoring pollution, in drugs, in residue from environmental samples, and for the assay of organophosphorus compounds. Moreover, chemical nanosensors are also used for diagnostic purposes. A transducer, such as an electrochemical, optical, thermal, or piezoelectric transducer, combined with the sensor is used in chemical nanosensors for pharmaceutical analysis. This chapter is focused on chemical nanosensors and their applications in pharmaceutical analysis with different types of samples. © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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